| OM00DC06 | Subjective Refraction (8 cr) |
| Prerequisites | Participation in a OM00CA17 Objektiivinen refraktio -course |
| Objectives | The student familiarizes him/herself with subjective refraction and management of vision, monocular and binocular vision clinical examinations. The students should be able to discuss and refract a range of patients with common optometric problems in the most suitable way. Observation and recognition of clinical signs, and techniques and skills for determining the near add. Infection control and optometric equipment maintenance. |
| Content | Patient history - Optometry case history: Demographics, The chief complaint, Ocular history, general health history, Family history - Communication with different patients - Patient anxiety - Providing information to different patients - Giving bad news Signs and symptoms of different refractive problems - Myopia, Hypeopia, Astigmatism Standard monocular and binocular subjective refraction procedures - Definition of the subjective refraction - Pinhole - Patient communication - Monocular subjective refraction - Phoropter and trial frame - Control of accommodation: MPMVA, Fogging method, Cycloplegia - Best spherical lens: Fogging method, Duochrome test, Simultan tehnique - Astigmatic correction: Jackson cross cylinder, Fan and Block, Lancaster-Regan Sunburst, Clock dial test - Monocular spherical endpoint: MPMVA, Duohrome test, Simultan technique, Test distance - Binocular balance: Alternating technique, Modified Humphriss, Dissociated techniques, Associated techniques - Binocular endpoint Binocular subjective refraction procedures - Turville infinity balance, Morgan slides, Vectrographic slides Cycloplegic subjective refraction - Indications and contraindications - Common cycloplegic agents - Cycloplegic refraction and prescription Age, accommodation, and presbyopia - Depth of focus and depth of field - Hyperfocal refraction - Definition and theories of presbyopia - Near prescription procedures: Tentative add, Patient´s age, Amplitude of accommodation, Binocular/ Fused cross cylinder, Bichrome test, NRA/PRA balance - Final add determination and working distance - Calculations of the range of clear vision Identification, treatment, and management using spectacle and contact lenses and prognosis - Prescription vs refraction - Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism, and presbyopia prescription - Dissatisfaction with prescription Aphakia and pseudophakia Aniseikonia, anisometropia and anisophoria - Classification, causes, and prevalence - Clinical tests and management Wavefront refraction procedures - Seidel and Zernike aberrations - Practical aberrometry - Wavefront errors |
| Recommended optional programme components | If necessary, the student advisor will recommend optional programme components for each student based on their individual study plan. |
| Accomplishment methods | Lectures Independent written work Supervised Practical Independent Practical MCQ Exam |
| Execution methods | Theory 4 ECTS Labs 4 ECTS |
| Materials | Not applicable |
| Literature | Not applicable |
| Evaluation Criteria | 0-5 |
| Evaluation Criteria | |
| Assessment Frameworks | Not applicable |
| Further Information | Not applicable |
| Responsible persons | Tuomas Juustila |
| Links | Not applicable |